The production of lining at home requires money and the desire to engage in this process. Nothing special is needed for such work. Today, wood is one of the most common finishing and building materials, because it is environmentally friendly, natural and insanely beautiful, in addition to everything else, wood also has healing properties, such a moment should not be missed.
Important! Warmth in the house and comfort are very simply created precisely thanks to such material as wood. Synthetic analogs and did not stand next to natural wood.
We make lining
Today there is a huge selection of raw materials from which lining is made.
Let's look at each of them, identify all the advantages and disadvantages of a particular wood for lining:
- Coniferous species. These include: sequoia, pine, cedar, larch. Such wood species can be suitable for decoration both indoors and outdoors. Resin wood gives a pleasant feeling to the finishing room, the pattern on the panels is very unusual and intricate.
- Hardwood species. This is linden, aspen, ash. Such wood species are great for finishing the internal type. Such a raw material is not suitable for external cladding if you want the constructed structure to serve you for many years.
Lining manufacturing methods
The idea of industrial production of lining is quite profitable and convenient, but do not forget that this requires a large investment of funds, which a simple citizen simply does not have. If you want to try to organize the manufacture of lining at home, you still have to purchase equipment for the manufacture of lining.
If you have never before encountered the process of manufacturing lumber, do not be afraid, because there is nothing complicated in the process of manufacturing panels, so you can do it yourself with your own hands.
Industrial Type Fabrication
Step-by-step instructions for manufacturing material:
- We make a cut board. Such a material can easily be made of edged material.
- We dry the panels, this can be done as in nature, that is, in the open air or in a warm, damp room.
- We give the board the shape we need, planing the board is necessary on the front side.
- On special-purpose equipment we produce processes such as sheet pile and folding.
- We check the board for defects, cracks, various deformations on it.
- We clean the panels from dirt and dust, remove the chamfers from the board.
- We sort the manufactured material by quality.
Material production at home
As you yourself understood, the equipment for the production of lining is vital, and we simply can’t do without it in this matter. In addition to equipment, special parts and tools will be needed.
Cutters used in the manufacture of lumber
The easiest option is to make edged docks from the docks:
- The first thing we do is cut the board.
- Grind the groove, and on both sides
- We polish the front side of the panel, do not forget to cut the chamfer.
- The groove should be thicker than the rail.
- The rail made is the connecting part between the slats.
What will we make lining of
Before you talk about how to make a lining, you need to understand the required materials and tools. First of all, you need wood, because it is from it that you will leave to make products. We are talking about an uncouth board up to two meters long. Bole longer workpieces should not be used, since their processing will be quite difficult.
If we talk about the width, then it should be greater than the width of the lining. As a rule, boards of 8-10 centimeters are purchased. From such a blank one product will be obtained. But you can buy a wider option, in this case, from one board you can immediately get two or more lining.
The wood itself must be dry with a moisture content of less than 20 percent. Otherwise, the finished lining after installation may “warp”. In addition, choose boards without knots and signs of decay.
For production, a wood species is selected depending on the place of use of the finished products.
If you make a lining for finishing the bath, then it is better to take alder, oak or ash. This wood can easily withstand high humidity and temperature extremes. For dry rooms, you can buy softwood boards. Such material is cheaper.
Tool for work
In addition, for work you will need the following devices:
- cutters for lining. To do this, you can use the universal desktop machine for lining,
- circular saw for cutting boards into desired segments,
- measuring accessories.
It is also advisable to prepare special impregnations. These materials are processed finished products. As a result of impregnation, the lining will be protected from insects and mold. You can also use substances that protect the material from fire.
Stages of manufacturing lining
Now we pass directly to the production itself. It is worth noting immediately that the process of making a lining with your own hands is a rather painstaking work. In order for everything to work out correctly and subsequently please you (or your customers), you need to be patient. Otherwise, the finished product will turn out to be of different thickness and width, which means that the appearance of the surface trimmed by lining will be spoiled.
The process of making the lining with your own hands will consist of the following steps:
- First of all, we cut the boards into pieces of the desired length,
- further, the blanks need to be sawed along to get boards of the required width,
- the next step will be a jointing,
- in conclusion, we make the grooves.
The first stage is not very difficult. It is enough to break the board along the length into the necessary segments and saw it across with a circular saw. The most important is the second stage of production. When cutting the board along, it is important that all the blanks are the same width. Otherwise, the lined surface will look ugly.
To perform the second stage on the workpiece, draw a straight line from one edge. To do this, it is better to use a pencil of blue or green color, it will be better visible on the surface. Next, using a circular saw, saw off one edge. It is better to immediately process more boards in this way, so all work will be completed faster.
The following steps will require your attention. It is necessary to rearrange the saw on the ruler, so that the second sip, accurately measure the width we need. After setting up the machine, we proceed to sawing off the second side of the future lining.
Next, proceed to the jointing. This process will give the workpiece a flat surface, and also make all products of the same thickness. To get exactly that, remember how many times you skipped each side through the planer. Then you process all other workpieces the same number of times.
To make grooves, we use special milling cutters for lining. This tool is mounted on the machine instead of the circular saw. Using the cutter, grooves are made from both ends of the lining. At the same time, make sure that their sizes are the same.
Lining groove milling
For such work, it is desirable to have a universal woodworking machine. Such a device is equipped with all the necessary devices for processing wooden workpieces. As a rule, such a machine is equipped with a planer and a circular saw. At the same time, it has a working surface, convenient for wood processing. With such a machine, it will be easy to make a lining with your own hands.
From the video you will learn how to make and apply special clamps for more efficient milling of lining grooves.
During work, it is worth using some tips and recommendations from specialists:
- First of all, you need to work correctly with the woodworking machine itself. When cutting blanks for lining along, it is necessary to lay the board on the work surface. Further, its movement to the circular saw is carried out with the help of the body. It is for them, and not hands, to push the workpiece. In this case, the risk of injury is greatly reduced,
- so that the lining is the same width, when reinstalling the saw to cut the second side of the workpiece, you can use the finished product as a ruler,
- after all the work, you will have a lot of wood waste left. Do not immediately get rid of them. When cutting blanks, many thin boards are obtained, they can be used as slats to create a crate. In this case, you will be able to significantly save on material.
In addition, you can do another job. It is not mandatory, but will allow to give the finished lining a more aesthetic appearance. Using a special device, you can remove small chamfers from the ends. It is also necessary to grind all surfaces.
After all the manipulations, you will get a finished, beautiful and practical lining. It remains only to process it with impregnations, and you can proceed to installation. Antiseptic treatment should be carried out from all sides, and not just from the front, this will allow for a long time to maintain the strength of the material.
What you need to know about the material
Lining is a solid wood board designed for cladding various construction objects from the outside and for finishing the premises from the inside.
| Artwork | Varieties by the method of mounting |
 | Milled board with spike-groove connection. This is the most common type of material. On one side of the plank there is a milled groove - a longitudinal recess, and on the other hand there is a spike. During installation, the spike slides into the groove, mounting brackets also enter there. As a result, the cladding is obtained with minimal gaps. |
 | Thorn groove connection (where the thorn is a separate element). In the manufacture of such a lining, a quarter is selected from the boards on both sides. The adjacent boards in the cladding are connected by a separate spike - a rail, which is inserted into the grooves. Such a profile of the strips is characteristic of a lining made by a artisanal method. |
 | Edged board for overlapping (American). In fact, this is a simple board, processed with a circular saw and passed through a jointer. The board is attached to the crate over the mineral wool with nails. Nails are driven into the upper part of the board, and the next bar is installed on top of it. As a result, the cross-section of the finish looks like a herringbone. A significant advantage of such a lining is its low cost due to the simplicity of processing. |
| Artwork | Varieties by profile type (relevant for milled versions) |
 | Standard. The cross section is made in the form of a trapezoid. The angle of the edges of the trapezoid is 30-40 degrees. A distinctive feature is the small depth of the groove. |
 | Europrofile. The “euro lining” profile is distinguished by accurate processing, an enlarged tenon size and wide ventilation edges on the wrong side. |
 | Calm. This is the same profile as the “standard”, but the edges are not beveled, but rounded. |
 | Block house. The board has a rounded surface that simulates a log. This is the most expensive profile of all the previously listed options. |
How lining is done in production
| Artwork | Stages of industrial production |
 | Sawing logs into boards. The forest is sorted by the degree of curvature of the logs. The least curved logs with a minimum amount of scrap are fed to the sawmill, where they are cut longitudinally. |
 | Drying. Sawn timber is dried. |
There are several drying methods, including autoclave and infrared processing. Regardless of the method of drying wood, the moisture content of lumber in the end should be 12%.
Advantages of wood lining
Wood is widely used in all industries. Wooden products received widespread use. Lining from a tree is used in construction during finishing works.
The advantages of wood products are:
- High strength
- High thermal insulation
- Increased heat resistance,
- Durability,
- Electrical insulating ability
- Naturalness
- Environmental friendliness
- Aesthetics.
A special advantage of wood is the manufacture of lining at home.
The manufacture of lining with their own hands is carried out in the following order:
- Selection of wood species,
- Sizing products
- Equipment selection
- The manufacture of lining.
Wood species selection
For the production of lining, softwood and hardwood are used. Pine, spruce, larch, cedar, and fir are used as conifers. Hardwood products are widely represented by products from linden, alder, oak, ash, aspen.
Spruce panels have increased ductility and softness. These properties are used in the manufacture of lining, for finishing curved interior elements. The softness of wood has a positive effect on the density of the panels. The surface of the spruce board is flat, smooth. The wood texture is clear, without blur.
The disadvantage of spruce products is an increased level of moisture absorption (hygroscopicity), the appearance of resin smudges, and low biological resistance. Spruce is subject to rapid decay, destruction by harmful insects. Spruce products require mandatory processing with protective equipment.
Pine
Do-it-yourself pine lining is the most common softwood lumber. Pine is characterized by increased strength, lightness, low cost. Pine wood has a beautiful pattern and a delicate golden hue. The most valuable pine species have a reddish-brown color.
In nature, there are up to 200 species of pine. Moreover, the tree grows only in the Northern Hemisphere.
The presence of a large amount of resin has a beneficial effect on the environment. Essential oils contribute to the long-term preservation of a pleasant coniferous aroma in the room. The smell of pine wood has a calming healing effect.
The disadvantage of pine is the appearance of tar smudges for a long time.
The low density of wood contributes to the formation of scratches and chips in case of violation of the do-it-yourself lining technology.
Larch
Differs in high durability, water resistance and density. Products from this breed perfectly resist harmful insects, fungal parasites.
Lining from larch is characterized by long-term preservation of its physical properties. Products from this wood have a clear pattern of wood. A large number of essential substances have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.
It is interesting! The root system of larch is able to develop in a layer of sand with a thickness of only one centimeter.
A bright reddish tint distinguishes larch from other tree species.
Many positive qualities cause a significant increase in the cost of larch products.
Cedar products have high strength and durability. The high content of essential oils cause a pleasant coniferous aroma. The healing properties of cedar are well known since ancient times.
Do-it-yourself lining made of cedar is highly resistant to harmful insects and pathogenic bacteria.The widespread use of cedar wood is limited by the high value of cedar.
It features high strength and water resistance. Linden wood has a beautiful pattern, a pleasant light shade. Linden products are easy to machine.
The disadvantage of wood is its darkening over time.
Alder
Alder products have increased strength, water resistance, soundproofing properties.
It is interesting! The alder root system is able to saturate the soil with a large amount of nitrogen. This allows the tree to grow in the most difficult conditions.
A large number of useful essential substances have beneficial effects on human health.
Refers to trees with high value of wood. Do-it-yourself lining made of oak is characterized by high strength, hardness, considerable weight. A large number of positive qualities affect the cost of oak products.
Scoping
Before you make the lining with your own hands, calculate the amount of necessary materials. To determine the amount of work, the dimensions of the room are calculated. The area of paneling is calculated by the area of all surfaces. Depending on the ceiling height and linear dimensions, the width of the board is determined.
Correctness of calculations is checked by repeated measurements. The accuracy of the measurement affects the efficiency of the use of raw materials.
For the manufacture of lining with their own hands, edged boards of the same width and thickness are used. The original lumber can be purchased or made with your own hands.
Boards are bought on the basis of lumber. Before buying, they are carefully inspected along the entire length. Lumber with defects and irregularities is rejected.
For purchase, select the highest grade boards. Such lumber has the smallest number of knots and tar pockets.
Tip. The width of the blanks for trimming take from 7 to 10 cm.
The length of harvested products can vary from 1 to 3 meters.
In the manufacture of lining using powerful sawmills. For one-time use, it is advisable to rent industrial equipment for rent.
For home use, it is beneficial to purchase a machine with a two-sided thicknesser. To align the surface of the products using a planer.
In the absence of machine tool equipment, a manual electric planer is used. The disadvantage of manual equipment is low productivity and increased labor intensity.
The choice of equipment for the manufacture of lining
Lining production at home is carried out using two types of equipment:
- Industrial
- Homemade.
Industrial equipment is characterized by complete readiness for work after purchase and installation at the place of work. All parts and components of such equipment are factory-made.
For cutting the main elements of the profile are milling nozzles. These elements are metal circles with a hole in the center. The hole in the center of the circle is designed to install the cutter on the machine shaft. The machine shaft is directly or via a belt drive connected to the motor shaft.
Each milling cutter has two or four diamond-coated alloy steel cutters. Cutters are designed to form a spike and groove. For a continuous method of manufacturing products, industrial machines are capable of simultaneously performing several functions.
When performing work, observe personal safety precautions and requirements when working with electrical equipment. The area around the machine should be cleaned for free movement. When cutting boards, use safety glasses. Overalls should be made of dense fabric. The electrical equipment used must be earthed.
The shaft rotation speed depends on the engine power. The higher the rotation speed, the greater the productivity of the machine. The shaft rotation speed on modern industrial machines reaches 1200 rpm. Such a rotation speed makes it possible to produce a lining 3 m long or more with a high speed.
Self-made equipment is characterized by lower installation performance. Such machines have low power motors. The main components are made at home on lathes.
Before you make the lining on a makeshift machine, perform the assembly of individual components and assemblies.
Do-it-yourself machine tool manufacturing
The machine for the manufacture of lining consists of three main parts:
- Electric motor
- Sawing table
- Desktop equipment.
For the manufacture of a cutting table, durable sheet metal with a thickness of at least 7 mm is used. The table has a reinforced frame structure. To increase stability and reduce vibration, the table frame is attached to the floor using bolted connections.
For the manufacture of machine tools, do-it-yourselfers use an electric motor with a power of 2 to 5 kW. When choosing an engine with less power, the productivity of work at home drops sharply. An engine with a power of more than 5 kW will not allow for a high-quality detailed study of profile elements.
Before making the lining on the machine, a hole is made in the middle of the sheet. Two rolling rollers are located in the hole. The top point of each shaft coincides with the surface of the table. The shafts are connected to the motor shaft using a belt drive.
The engine is an electric motor of small power 2-5 kW. In most cases, engines from large household appliances are suitable for use.
Before you make the lining yourself at home, adjust the pressure rollers and metal stops. Pinch rollers are designed to facilitate the movement of the board on the table surface. Rollers are made of metal or durable plastic. The stops are designed to guide the movement of the board and prevent its possible shift during movement.
Aluminum desktop equipment leaves dark streaks on the surface of finished products. To prevent the appearance of traces, use a coating of galvanized steel or organic glass.
For the manufacture of lining requires many years of experience with turning equipment. All components of the mechanisms are made of quality parts.
The use of low-quality parts significantly reduces the life of the production equipment
The use of equipment components with poor-quality assembly can cause a sudden failure of the device.
Board sawing
Lining is manufactured using a circular saw with large teeth. Before starting work, check the reliability of the fastening of the saw and locking devices. If necessary, fix the part to the required level.
After checking the reliability of fixing all parts and assemblies include the device. Carefully start the end of the board between the guide rollers. Smooth movements bring the end to the board.
For safety against accidental movement use stops.
The workpiece is cut into the required number of boards.
Residues from sawing boards can be used for the manufacture of battens or bars for lathing.
The prepared material is stacked in piles at a predetermined location. Between the rows of folded boards lay wooden gaskets. Using gaskets will speed up the drying of boards with high humidity.
Surface jointing
Before making the lining, the surface of the board is planed. Jointing is called obtaining a rectilinear surface of boards with the help of cylindrical shafts. To perform the jointing, the circular saw is replaced by rolling rollers. Work is carried out in one direction. To do this, the board on each side is driven along the surface of the table.
To obtain a high-quality surface, the pressure value and the number of passes must be the same for all products.
To automate the jointing process, clamping devices with adjustable pressure force are used. Such devices are made independently or purchased in specialized stores.
Cutting Profile Elements
The cutting of the spike and groove on each board is carried out using removable cutters or an inclined circular saw.
Before cutting the profile elements, the operation of all fastening and guiding mechanisms is checked. When using milling nozzles, the cutters are adjusted according to the thickness of the board and the level of penetration of the cutting edges into the wood.
Remember! The use of low-quality materials in the manufacture of elements of machine tool equipment affects the safety of work.
When using a circular saw carefully adjust the angle of inclination of the disk. After adjusting the cutting mechanisms securely fasten. To ensure uniform passage along the length and obtain the correct profile, be sure to use stops.
A full description of how the lining is made by yourself, you can see in this video.
Finally
Lining, the manufacture of which is done by hand, has many important advantages. Self-made products are of high quality without overspending of wood. In the manufacture there is the possibility of careful control of each product.
Minor defects are easily eliminated during the manufacturing process. The cost of making products at home is much less than factory-made lining.
The machine on which the wood panels are made
Now the question of how to make a lining becomes simply irrelevant, because thanks to this equipment the problem is solvable. Such a machine has the ability to complete the processing of the board completely, that is, from all four sides.
By passing the material through this unit, you get a finished unit at the output. You do not need to be a professional to deal with the management of this equipment. But for accurate self-confidence, watch the video, which will be described in detail and shown how this machine works.
Important! Do not forget about safety measures, no matter how easy the machine is to operate, it is also necessary to take into account the fact that all electrical elements of such equipment must be completely covered by protective elements. If a lot of dust and dirt accumulates on electrical components, you will have to throw a lot of money to repair such an assembly.
- Machines with a small load. The material production cross section is small, respectively, the unit capacity is also small.
- Machines whose load is quite large. Everything is simple here - in a short period of time a large amount of work is performed.
There are a lot of equipment of this type on the market, so everyone will find the unit to their liking. If production is established: the lining will be of high quality.
Lining polyvinyl chloride
In addition to wooden lining, there are also panels made of polyvinyl chloride. For the manufacture of such material, you will also need special equipment.
The mechanism of operation of such devices is the same:
- Raw material enters the receiving hopper.
- The raw material enters the cylinder by transferring the dispenser.
- The cylinder is heating up.
- Mass under high pressure begins to squeeze through special forms. The initial form of the material is ready.
- In the calibrator, the mass is attached to the form, the material is cooled.
- Profile cropping.
Output
If you decide to make a lining at home, then you will need to purchase special equipment and it does not matter whether it is a wooden lining or PVC lining. Safety precautions must be followed in any case. Carefully monitor the work of sharp parts, all mechanisms of the electrical type must be covered, there should be no drops in the electrical network.
Note! You should not independently invent new ways of manufacturing lumber, everything has already been invented for you. Such fantasies can lead to negative consequences, because the equipment must be used strictly according to the instructions, and nothing more.
PVC wall paneling is perfect for finishing both exterior and interior. Such material is used everywhere, it is strong, durable, frost and moisture resistant, so it will serve you for many years without changing its original appearance, and the qualitative characteristics will not change either.
